A The below listed seven parts are required to build a basic automotive X-ray machine:
 
● X-ray tube to produce X-rays
● Vacuum System where the X-ray tube should be operated
● Loading table or sample operating table to place the sample and move them during testing
● High Voltage Generator to produce high voltage 160 KV and power to the entire system
● Overhead power line
● Lead room having two layers of stainless-steel plate + 6 to 8 mm of the lead plate to prevent X-ray discharge
● Detector to determine the intensity of X-rays and produce black and white signal through the computer.

A The hood of an automobile engine is made up of magnesium alloy. In the 21st century, magnesium and its alloys are the most promising light structural materials. The major characteristics of magnesium and its alloys are:
l Low density and lightweight
l Its specific strength (ratio of strength to mass) is higher than that of aluminum alloy and steel
l Its specific stiffness (ratio of stiffness to mass) is close to that of aluminum alloy and steel
l It can tolerate impact load better than aluminum alloy.
l It has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
l It has good technological property, casting property, and dimensional stability.
 
 
Automobile Engine Hood
 
This magnesium alloy has been developed as many automobile parts such as steering wheel frame, transmission case, seat frame, wheel hub, instrument panel frame, etc. by engine factories and parts suppliers nationally and internationally. How should we ensure the quality of magnesium alloy parts then? This is where X-ray based nondestructive testing machines play a significant role.
 
X-ray based non-destructive testing equipment can be conveniently used to detect magnesium alloy parts, for any defects at a glance via real-time imaging. It can get connected with the production line of the factory, implement the complete automatic loading and unloading manipulator, decrease the manpower cost, understand the integration method of production, testing, and evaluation thereby improving the production efficiency. With maximum resolution, high definition qualitative imaging, automatic defect recognition, and the automatic evaluation function, this entire system can inspect the magnesium alloy parts automatically and thoroughly with 100% accuracy in real-time.

A The development of a sand hole is the most common defect during the casting process. It is an endless task for the sand-casting workers to detect the sand hole in order to correct and prevent their formation.
 
Before knowing the application of X-ray inspection to detect sand hole, it is mandatory to understand the formation of a sand hole in the castings.
 
A sand hole typically refers to a hole formed by impurities or gas on the surface or internal part of the casting. The appearance of sand holes on the casting surface is easily visible. But the sand holes on the internal part cannot be seen easily. Only when these internal and surface casting sand holes are detected, they can be rectified by grinding, welding, or scraping. This is where X-ray based non-destructive testing equipment solves the purpose.
 
 
 保存
The X-ray based non-destructive testing equipment manufactured by Unicomp technology can effectively detect sand holes in castings. At first, this equipment can precisely detect the internal structure of the casting through the X-ray transmission principle. The defects like a sand hole, shrinkage cavity, and cracks can be easily viewed on the computer screen. Hence, it’s possible to improve the quality of the product by promptly finding out the abnormality in the casting production process.
 
 
 
Image: (Blowhole)
Not only the inspection quality but also the mechanism of this equipment is too convenient. It is enough to keep the test piece on the machine tray. Within a few seconds, the entire result about the quality of the test piece can be viewed via the computer screen. This efficient and intuitive result can improve the casting production by finding the cause of the issue in every step, and rectifying it at the right time. Checking the cause of the issue includes analysis of the size, area, defects, etc. Hence, it is possible to improve the product quality and affordability by drastically lowering the negative effects to the minimum level.
 
Thus, X-ray based non-destructive testing equipment manufactured by Unicomp technology is extensively used in the assessment of automobile parts, pressure vessels, engineering parts, steel cylinder, aluminum iron castings, and other industries.
 
 
Test Picture: (Air Hole, air bubble)

A Brake disc sand hole typically refers to the surface and interior part of the brake disc. Either, there will be sand particles, commonly called a ‘sand hole’. Else there will be gas, hole, or impurity formation. They are referred to as grit.

This appearance of grit on the brake disc surface can be viewed or identified directly through our naked eye. But if it appears on the interior part, the object should be processed before getting exposed, or it can be detected with the help of X-ray based nondestructive testing equipment. Obviously, X-ray based non-destructive testing equipment is the best choice.

X-ray based non-destructive testing equipment follows the principle of X-ray transmission by taking real-time photographs of the interior parts to detect the inner structure of the brake disc. For detecting the brake disc sand hole, you need not expose the workpiece and process. The X-ray inspection method is the most convenient and efficient technique. There are few defects like a sand hole, sand grain, sand block, and sand mass in the brake disc, which require casting workers to detect them. Just detecting these defects in the brake disc is not enough. It’s mandatory to evaluate these defects in terms of count, size, area, and so on, in order to improve as well as promote the product quality.

A Highly qualitative fluoroscopic images can be emitted using a non-destructive X-ray inspection device that converts the signals received by a flat-panel detector. The entire functioning can be carried out with the help of a mouse. This system is quite easy to use. Standard high-performance X-ray tubes can inspect defects below 5 microns, and the system can magnify up to 1000 times, by tilting the object in any direction. The associated software can automatically or manually detect the test object and generate a detection data report.
 
The features of industrial flaw detector include:
 
1. Maintenance-free sealed tube-type micro focus X-ray tubes
 
2. Sports full-time stocked with step drive and ball screw to promote characteristics such as more stability, low noise, high precision, etc.
 
3. High-voltage power supply with light integration to achieve more stable and reliable work
 
4. Automatic protection function of the lamp – after 20 minutes, there will be an automatic power cut, without any process safety phase.
 
5. Automatic protection function of the equipment – If anyone opens the door, the equipment will stop emitting X-rays at once, and reach the shutdown protection phase.
 
6. The function of angle tilt, automatic timing, as well as automatic navigation for the cumulate light tube’s utilization time.
 
Our UNC160 industrial flaw detector (otherwise called X-ray flaw detector) is driven by an X-ray tube in order to see through the structure of the test object. X-ray equipment is radiation safe. All the parts of the machine fulfill the European and American safe radiation standards: i.e., < 1usv/h. At the same time, UNC160 has got a safety interlock function that can prevent inappropriate operation of personnel. It passes the General Administration of Quality Supervision as well as Inspection and Quarantine security certification. The entire high-voltage electrical components are strictly safeguarded.

A The quality of the wheel usually depends on the method of its manufacturing and prompt inspection.
 
Wheels are manufactured in two forms:
 
1. Steel wheels
2. Light alloy wheels including magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy
 
The lower version of automotive models or trucks uses steel wheels, while most of the family cars are integrated with aluminum alloy wheels.
 
According to the range of expenses, there are varied methods of wheel manufacturing like gravity casting, low-pressure casting, as well as forged wheels. The cost of forging is anyway costlier than the ordinary casting, which suits for the high-end modification market. Since the low-pressure casting has high durability and a higher yield rate, it is suitable for mass production. Hence, many car manufacturers prefer this method of manufacturing.
 
Depending on the manufacturing method, it’s possible to estimate the quality and rate of the wheel. Irrespective of the manufacturing method, an inspection of the manufactured wheels is mandatory to ensure its quality. This is where the X-ray based NDT method plays a significant role.
 
There are numerous factors that affect the value of castings, like meager control of raw materials, unreasonable structure design, unreasonable procedure plan, improper production operation, etc. All these factors may produce a variety of defects in castings, such as bubbles/pores, inclusions, cracks, and loose.
 
X-ray based nondestructive testing is the most preferred method to detect internal defects in castings so that it can improve production efficiency and avoid material wastage. Cracks in the castings can be viewed as light-colored lines in the final X-ray inspection image. Similarly, inclusions are viewed as a dark block, and loose as a light-colored nebulous (hazy) form.

A The quality of the castings typically includes internal quality, external quality, and service quality.
 
● External quality– refers to the roughness of the casting surface, shape deviation, size deviation, weight deviation, and defects.
 
● Internal quality– refers to the mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical composition of the casting, metallurgical organization along with the internal defects such as the presence of cracks, holes, inclusions, segregation, and other conditions within the casting.
 
● Service quality– refers to the strength of the castings in varied conditions, including corrosion resistance, wear resistance, heat and cold resistance, shock absorption, fatigue, and other properties like weldability, machinability, and other technological properties.
 
Varied inspection methods including X-ray, γ-ray, eddy current and ultrasound can check and determine the internal quality of the castings. With the help of the ray detection effect, it’s possible to predict the size, shape, type, and distribution of internal defects in the castings.

A The common defects in the castings include especially holes and inclusions. So, let us understand the differences between loose holes, slag, shrinkage holes, pinholes, and trachoma in the defect.
 
There are two categories of defects:
1. Inclusion type
2. Hole-type
 
Deficiencies such as slag and trachoma come under the inclusions category.
 
1. Slag: It occurs during the pouring process in the liquid metal in a timely manner without separation
 
2. Trachoma: If the sand debris gets entrained in the liquid metal, trachoma is formed. Due to the sand formation, it remains in the liquid metal into the cavity before it already exists during individual pouring.
 
Deficiencies such as loosening, shrinkage, and pinhole come under hole-type defects (i.e., no inclusions in this defect).
 
1. Loosening: It is officially called as shrinkage – a honeycomb defect due to inadequate shrinkage during the liquid metal solidification step.
 
2. Shrinkage hole: This defect is more serious, where the hole is usually accompanied by the upper part of the shrinkage area. It gets concentrated into one or several larger holes.
 
3. Pinhole: As per the formation mechanism, it is divided into many types. At times, slag porosity phenomenon may take place due to the slag or sand containing gas material formation.